Bitmain Antminer S23 series (2025): Comparing all models including electricity costs & income

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The next milestone in Bitcoin mining: The Bitmain Antminer S23 series at a glance

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With the new Antminer S23 series Bitmain is once again setting standards in the world of Bitcoin mining. Presented on World Digital Mining Summit In May 2025 in Las Vegas, the S23 series marks the next technological leap in the ASIC mining segment — both in terms of hashrate, energy efficiency and cooling technology.

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For the first time, a Bitmain device exceeds the magical limit of 1 petahash — with S23 Hydro 3U, the most powerful model in the series. In parallel, other specialized variants are appearing: from the classic S23 (Air) up to immersion cooled S23 IMM.

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In this article, we present to you all four models in detail before, explain What is really new from a technical point of view, and compare the Possible uses of the new miners under practical conditions.

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In the end, you know exactly:

• Which miner offers which performance data,
• Which infrastructure is necessary for operation,
• And Whether switching to the S23 series is worthwhile for you.

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What is new about the Antminer S23 series?

The Antminer S23 series is not an ordinary hardware update — it marks a new generation in Bitcoin mining. Bitmain is following a clear course with this product line: more performance, better efficiency and flexible infrastructure integration for a wide range of mining requirements. Especially since there are now other mining hardware manufacturers on the market, Bitmain is in a tight spot here as the market leader. In direct comparison with the previous series (S21), it is also clear that these are therefore not cosmetic changes, but a technological leap that is relevant both for smaller miners and for scaling mining investors.

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1. Massive increase in performance compared to the S21 series — an overview of the new generation

The Bitmain Antminer S23 series marks a significant technological advance over the previous S21 generation. While the Antminer S21 Hydro is still with up to 335 TH/s with an energy efficiency of approximately 16 Y/TH worked, achieved the most powerful model in the new series, which S23 Hydro 3U, well 1,160 TH/s — i.e. more than The triple computing power — and that with just 9.5 J/TH. That is equivalent to one:

• Performance increase of over 245%,
• At the same time over 40% less power consumption per terahash.

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But Bitmain not only relies on pure performance, but also on a modular structure within the series. All four variants are designed for different areas of application — with clearly defined technical focal areas and requirements.

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Here is an overview of all four models in the Antminer S23 series:

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Antminer S23 (Air)

The air-cooled standard version — simple and ready for immediate use

• Hashrate: approx. 318 TH/s
• energy efficiency: 11 Y/TH
• Power consumption: approx. 3,498 watts
• Cooling: air cooling with 4 high-performance fans
• Noise level: approx. 75dB
• Special features:
  • Can be used immediately, no additional technology required
  • Ideal for all small and large locations or cooler regions
  • Low investment costs for infrastructure
  • Robust, proven technology
    

Click here to go to the product page.

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Antminer S23 Hydro

More performance through water cooling — for professional environments

• Hashrate: approx. 580 TH/s
• energy efficiency: 9.5 J/TH
• Power consumption: approx. 5,510 watts
• Cooling: Closed water circuit
• Noise level: < 65 dB
• Special features:
  • Lower noise level than air-cooled
  • Higher thermal stability
  • Prerequisite: existing water cooling structure
  • Highly scalable for medium to larger mining farms

Click here to go to the product page.

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Antminer S23 IMM

For use in immersion systems — stable, quiet, durable

• Hashrate: approx. 368 to 442 TH/s
• energy efficiency: approx. 11 J/TH
• Power consumption: approx. 4,400 watts
• Cooling: Immersion compatible (e.g. dielectric oil)
• Special features:
  • No active cooling system, therefore very low maintenance
  • Extremely quiet operation
  • Ideal for extreme environments (dust, heat)
  • High overclocking range, thermally constant

Click here to go to the product page.

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Antminer S23 Hydro 3U

The new standard: over 1 petahash in a compact rack format

• Hashrate: 1,160 TH/s (1.16 PH/s)
• energy efficiency: 9.5 J/TH
• Power consumption: approx. 11,020 watts
• Cooling: water cooling, 3U rack compatible
• Noise level: < 50 dB
• Special features:
  • High output per height unit (3U)
  • Designed for data centers and hosting providers
  • Space-saving and easy to maintain
  • First model in the commercial sector with over 1 PH/s

Click here to go to the product page.

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2. Improved cooling technologies: From air to water to immersion

With the Antminer S23 series, Bitmain continues to consistently build its modular approach to cooling technology off. Each model is developed for a specific infrastructure — whether it's a classic air-cooling system, a water cycle or an immersion solution.

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An overview of the three cooling options:

• Air cooling (model: S23 Air):
  The classic version for uncomplicated setups. Ideal for operators who do not want to build additional infrastructure. Cooling is provided by integrated high-performance fans.
  ➤ Advantage: Low barrier to entry, ready for immediate use, no conversion required.

• Water cooling (models: S23 Hydro & S23 Hydro 3U):
  This variant uses closed water cooling systems to efficiently remove waste heat. This reduces noise levels and extends the life of the hardware.
  ➤ Advantage: Higher energy efficiency, quiet operation, ideal for professional mining farms with powerful cooling technology.

• Immersion cooling (model: S23 IMM):
  The miner is completely immersed in a non-conductive liquid (e.g. special dielectric oil). This technique is particularly suitable for high-end setups with a focus on overclocking and durability.
  ➤ Advantage: Minimal noise, consistent operating temperature, ideal for hot and dusty hosting or data center environments.

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Conclusion:
Thanks to the various cooling technologies, you can tailor the right model exactly to your existing or planned infrastructure — from simple air cooling to a scalable immersion system. This makes the S23 series particularly versatile and future-proof.

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3. Over 1 petahash for the first time — a symbolic and technical milestone

The Antminer S23 Hydro 3U Is the first commercially available miners, which is more than 1,000 terahash per second (1 PetaHash/s) delivers — a limit that could previously only be reached by using multiple devices in parallel.

What does that mean specifically for your practice?

• Less space required per hashrate,
• Fewer components for maintenance,
• Less cabling and power distribution costs,
• Better cooling through water circulation,
• Higher density in rack-based environments.

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Especially for limited space, high electricity prices or demanding hosting projects, the Hydro 3U offers an impressive solution for maximum performance in a small space.

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4. New target groups and application scenarios

With the Antminer S23 series, Bitmain is pursuing a systematic product strategy: All three cooling technologies — air, water and immersion — are simultaneously within a series brought to market and marketed. This allows operators worldwide to choose a model that ideal for existing infrastructure and climatic conditions fits locally.

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This broad orientation within a series is new and significantly simplifies the planning, standardization and scaling of mining infrastructures.

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Typical application scenarios at a glance:

• Air-cooled mining (S23 Air):
  This variant is particularly suitable for environments with moderate or low outdoor temperatures where there are no dedicated cooling systems. Operation is simple, robust and reliable.
  ➤ Special advantage: Die Initial investments for infrastructure are significantly lower as with water-cooled or immersion-cooled systems. Good ventilation of the room is often sufficient — additional pumps, heat exchangers or oil basins are completely omitted.

• Water cooling (S23 Hydro & S23 Hydro 3U):
  In industrial environments or mining containers with existing water cooling technology, these models offer high energy efficiency combined with low noise levels.
  ➤ Ideal for professional operators who value stability, ease of maintenance and thermal control.

• Immersion cooling (S23 IMM):
  Immersion cooling is the ideal solution where there is high dust pollution, high ambient temperatures or special noiselessness requirements (e.g. in urban data centers or extreme climate zones).
  ➤ It enables a constant operating temperature, reduces the number of moving components and opens up scope for overclocking.

• Rack-based hosting infrastructure (S23 Hydro 3U):
  The first Antminer developed specifically for 3U rack systems. The design is designed for hosting environments with high packing density — e.g. in modular data centers or specialized mining service providers.
  ➤ The focus here is on precise scalability per unit of height with high cooling capacity at the same time.

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Conclusion:
With the S23 series, Bitmain offers a new generation of mining platforms that is not based on the device, but on the operator's deployment scenario.
Depending on climate, energy source, space availability and budget, you can choose the right system — without sacrificing performance or support.

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5. Technical infrastructure comparison: Which miner fits which setup?

The four models in the Antminer S23 series differ not only in their performance, but above all in Which technical requirements make the operation economical and efficient. While all devices can in principle be freely selected, it is worth taking a look at the Location factors, operating goals and potential secondary use of waste heat.

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S23 Air — easy start with minimal setup

It is particularly suitable if you:

• want to get into mining quickly and without major modifications
• prefer a simple set-up — without external cooling circuits or fluids,
• mine in an environment with good air circulation or cooler temperatures
• You want to start with a limited budget and still achieve solid hashrates.

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Benefits in use:

• Plug-and-play: ready for use immediately after power and network connection
• No external cooling devices required
• Very low infrastructure costs (only electricity & ventilation required)
• Ideal for test projects, ancillary trades, individual setups

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S23 Hydro — efficient and versatile

Ideal for operators who:

• medium to larger farms with scalable water cooling want to operate
• work in warmer regions or enclosed spaces with high density,
• thermally stable conditions need without much noise,
• which Reusing waste heat efficiently want — e.g. for:
  • the supply of a heat accumulator,
  • eine floor heating,
  • or the Use in agricultural applications.

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Additional advantage:
Auch small single water chillers make it possible to operate a single S23 Hydro economically and technically without any problems — making it suitable even for semi-professionals with limited space.

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S23 IMM — maximum control in challenging conditions

Ideal for mining environments with:

• high dust levels, heat generation or poor ventilation,
• strict requirements for noise generation (e.g. urban hosting facilities),
• durability and low maintenance requirements,
• Interest in overclocking potentials through stable, constant temperatures.

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advantages:

• No fans, no moving wear parts
• Noiseless operation possible
• Uniform temperature distribution through complete immersion
• Long component life

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S23 Hydro 3U — maximum computing power with minimum space requirement

Recommended for operators who:

• with Rack systems (3U) want to work and achieve high density in a limited space
• use or set up a professional hosting infrastructure,
• want to precisely scale multiple devices (e.g. hosting clusters)
• A continuous Water infrastructure with optimised power supply realize.

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Special features in use:

• Particularly easy to maintain and quiet
• Ideal for high-density data centers
• Hard to beat computing power per square meter
• Also suitable for waste heat recovery due to water connection

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Brief conclusion:
The choice of the appropriate model depends Not just from the hashrate, but above all from operating environment, energy concept and strategic goal from the operator. For the first time, the S23 series offers such a wide selection that customized solutions are possible without compromises — from a simple start to a high-density hosting farm.

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Conclusion: The S23 series is Bitmain's answer to the requirements of modern mining infrastructures

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With the Antminer S23 series, Bitmain is launching a differentiated product line , which not only impresses with impressive performance values, but above all with its Adaptability to various types of infrastructure and locations. Whether air-cooled, water-cooled or completely immersion-based — for the first time, all cooling variants are available simultaneously in one generation.

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For you as an operator, this means:
You can your mining strategy in the future Technically clean planning, develop infrastructure in a targeted manner using devices that precisely match your local conditions and growth goals — without sacrificing performance or efficiency.

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Especially in times of rising energy costs and growing regulatory requirements, this is a real competitive advantage.

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Bitmain Antminer S23 Series Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

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What is the power consumption of the individual S23 models?

Power consumption differs depending on cooling technology and computing power:

• Antminer S23 (Air): approx. 3,498 watts
• Antminer S23 Hydro: approx. 5,510 watts
• Antminer S23 IMM: approx. 4,400 watts
• Antminer S23 Hydro 3U: approx. 11,020 watts

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What are the daily electricity costs at €0.06 per kWh?

With an electricity price of 0.06 €/kWh, there are the following daily costs (with 24-hour operation):

• S23 (Air): approx. 5,04€
• S23 Hydro: approx. 7.93€
• S23 IMM: approx. 6.34€
• S23 Hydro 3U: approx. 15.89€

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What are the current daily earnings of the S23 models?

The values are based on network conditions and market prices from June 5, 2025

• S23 (Air): cca $17.66 per day
• S23 Hydro: cca $31.80 per day
• S23 IMM: cca $29.25 per day
• S23 Hydro 3U: cca $64.40 per day

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Note: These values fluctuate on a daily basis. Actual earnings depend directly on course, block time, and network difficulty. Please feel free to take a look at our mining calculator on for approximate daily profits.

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Which model is best for getting started with mining?

The Antminer S23 (Air) is ideal for beginners. It requires no external cooling technology, is easy to operate and yet offers solid performance with low start-up costs.
It is also well suited for initial hosting attempts or PV-supported mining.

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Can I also use an S23 miner in a private environment?

Yes, especially the S23 Air can be used in cellars, garages or ventilated containers with adequate ventilation. Please note:

• The noise level (~75 dB) can be annoying in living environments.
• One own power protection (e.g. 16A or C32) is recommended.
• The power consumption is approximately the same as that of two to four standard fan heaters.

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What are the maintenance requirements for each model?

Depending on the cooling technology, maintenance intervals and measures differ:

S23 (Air):

• Clean fans regularly (add dust filtering as an option)
• Replace thermal paste once a yearto ensure optimal heat transfer from chips to heat sinks (more often in hot or dusty environments)
• Check the housing for dust and corrosive deposits

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S23 Hydro:

• Check seals and pipes regularly for leaks
• coolant (glycol or water) Refill or replace in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions
• Check the function of the temperature monitoring

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S23 IMM:

• Check the liquid regularly (viscosity, clarity)
• When needed Replacing dielectric oil
• Keep power connections dry and clean

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S23 Hydro 3U:

• As with Hydro: Check the water circuit, ventilate if necessary
• Inspect rack connections regularly
• Check flow and return for a constant temperature difference

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When will the Antminer S23 series be available?

All four models of the S23 series were presented in May 2025 and, according to Bitmain, are available from 1st quarter 2026 deliverable.
Cryptohall24 already offers Pre-orders including advice and hosting options on.

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Which cooling technology is the most efficient in the long term?

With regard to thermal stability, energy efficiency and maintenance costs, the following applies:

• Efficient and space-saving: Water cooling (Hydro & Hydro 3U)
• Maximum durability and quiet: Immersion (IMM)
• Flexible and quickly available: Air cooling (Air)

For operators with heat recovery, it is particularly worthwhile water cooling, as the waste heat can be used in a targeted manner — e.g. for heating or hot water.

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How can the waste heat from the devices be used?

Especially the Hydro models are suitable for further recycling of waste heat:

• Connection to hot water tank
• floor heating in warehouses or offices
• Direct heating backup in outbuildings

With appropriate technology, this can significantly reduce operating costs and even open up additional funding opportunities (e.g. in the area of energy efficiency).

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Do you have further questions about the Bitmain S23 series or are you looking for individual support? Get advice now from us!

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Would you like to know which Antminer S23 series model is best suited to your situation? Or do you need an individual offer for hardware, hosting or the entire infrastructure?

Then you've come to the right place. We can help you with:

• The Model selection
• The Integration into existing mining systems
• The Start-up and maintenance
• as well as for all questions relating to Mining sites, electricity concepts and funding opportunities

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For more information about crypto mining, visit our website.

You can find our offered miners here.

You can find our hosting services here.

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Disclaimer: The information contained in this blog is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute financial, tax, or investment advice. Investments in cryptocurrencies and mining hardware involve risks and may be subject to sharp fluctuations in value.

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